Emperor Nero played the fiddle while Rome burned in 64 CE.
Nero was likely outside Rome when the Great Fire started and returned to help organise relief efforts. The fiddle hadn't been invented yet in 64 CE. Ancient accounts suggest he may have played the lyre, but even this is disputed by modern historians. The image comes from conflation of Nero's later life with the fire and the invention of the fiddle centuries later.
Reception
Sources
- Wikipedia: Nero and the Fire REFERENCE
- History.com: Great Fire of Rome PRIMARY